Process of copying of information present on the DNA in the form of RNA i.e. Transcription involves joining of ribonucleotides by phosphodiester bonds. IMPORTANT POINTS Transcription occurs throughout Interphase as well as in a non-dividing cell. Site: Prokaryotes → Cytoplasm; Eukaryotes → Nucleus + Mitochondria + Plastids Template dependent process i.e.
The life cycle of gymnosperms begins with seed germination, producing a diploid sporophyte that differentiates into roots, stems, and leaves. Specialized leaves form sporophylls grouped into cones. Male cones produce microspores, developing into pollen grains, while female cones generate megaspores, forming gametophytes with eggs. Pollination, typically wind-facilitated, leads to fertilization
White Blood Cells (WBCs), or leucocytes, are crucial components of the immune system, defending the body against infections and foreign invaders. There are five primary types of WBCs: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each playing a distinct role in identifying and neutralizing pathogens.
Wood is a modification of secondary xylem, formed from vascular cambium during tree growth. It consists of heartwood, providing structural support, and sapwood, facilitating nutrient transport. This complex tissue system is essential for a tree’s strength and functionality, making wood a vital resource for construction and various industries.
Turgidity in plant cells occurs when they are full of water, maintaining structure and firmness. In contrast, plasmolysis happens when cells lose water in hypertonic solutions, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall. These processes are vital in understanding plant cell osmoregulation and overall health.
Chromosomes come in four fun shapes based on the centromere’s position! Meet metacentric with its centerfold, submetacentric showing off its uneven legs, acrocentric flaunting a tiny top, and telocentric with its endgame style. Each shape adds a twist to our genetic story, making biology a lively adventure!
Tissue culture in plants is like botanical magic! Tiny plant parts grow into whole new plants in a nutrient-rich “petri-dish paradise.” This technique speeds up plant breeding, rescues endangered species, and even creates virus-free plants. It’s a fascinating journey from microscopic cells to lush greenery!
Imagine Earth’s early days, a wild party of chemicals and chaos. Then came cyanobacteria, the original party planners, turning sunlight into energy and releasing oxygen. These tiny powerhouses kickstarted life as we know it, transforming the atmosphere and paving the way for diverse, oxygen-breathing life forms. Cheers to cyanobacteria!
Teeth are like the superheroes of your mouth, each with a special power! Incisors slice, canines pierce, premolars crush, and molars grind. Together, they make eating an adventure, turning every meal into a chew-tastic journey. Keep these dental heroes in shape for a super smile every day!
