LIFE CYCLE OF GYMNOSPERMS
The life cycle of gymnosperms begins with seed germination, producing a diploid sporophyte that differentiates into roots, stems, and leaves. Specialized leaves form sporophylls grouped into cones. Male cones produce microspores, developing into pollen grains, while female cones generate megaspores, forming gametophytes with eggs. Pollination, typically wind-facilitated, leads to fertilization