IMPORTANT POINTS Polysaccharides are the polymers of Monosaccharides having more than 10 units. Polysaccharides are Biomacromolecules. Polysaccharides even though classified as saccharides are not sweet in taste. During formation of a Polysaccharide, new monosaccharides residues are added at the non-reducing end of the chain CLASSIFICATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES On the basis
IMPORTANT POINTS ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate is the energy currency of the cell. ATP is a type of Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) which consists of a Ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups, and Adenine as a nitrogenous base. STRUCTURE The adenine is attached to the ribose sugar by a N-glycosidic bond Triphosphate
Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from anther of a stamen to stigma of a carpel. WHAT IS A POLLEN ? Pollen represents the male gametophyte of Angiosperms as well as Gymnosperms. A diploid Microspore Mother Cell divides by meiosis to form four haploid Microspores which further divides by
Venation is arrangement of veins in the leaf. The two main types of venation are Parallel and Reticulate. Learn the details of Parallel and Reticulate venation with their further classification in this article
Basidiomycetes, or club fungi, exhibit a complex life cycle featuring both sexual and asexual reproduction. They produce basidiospores on specialized structures called basidia, typically located on fruiting bodies like mushrooms. These spores germinate into haploid mycelia, which can fuse to form dikaryotic mycelia, eventually leading to the development of new
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. Occurring in the cytoplasm (prokaryotes) or nucleus and organelles (eukaryotes), it involves RNA polymerase, ribonucleotides, and complementary base pairing. Key steps include initiation at the promoter, elongation, and termination. Eukaryotic genes are typically monocistronic, while prokaryotic genes are polycistronic.
The life cycle of gymnosperms begins with seed germination, producing a diploid sporophyte that differentiates into roots, stems, and leaves. Specialized leaves form sporophylls grouped into cones. Male cones produce microspores, developing into pollen grains, while female cones generate megaspores, forming gametophytes with eggs. Pollination, typically wind-facilitated, leads to fertilization
White Blood Cells (WBCs), or leucocytes, are crucial components of the immune system, defending the body against infections and foreign invaders. There are five primary types of WBCs: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each playing a distinct role in identifying and neutralizing pathogens.
Wood is a modification of secondary xylem, formed from vascular cambium during tree growth. It consists of heartwood, providing structural support, and sapwood, facilitating nutrient transport. This complex tissue system is essential for a tree’s strength and functionality, making wood a vital resource for construction and various industries.
